Grammar
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Adjectives
Adverbs
Articles
Conditionals
Demostratives
Determiners
Modals
Passive
Prepositions
Pronouns
Quantifiers
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Relatives
Reported Speech
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Adjectives
See Explanation
Adjectives give extra information about nouns. They don’t have genre or number but they change their form to construct the comparative or the superalive. The difficulty of adjetives lies on the dealing with the sequence of groups of them.
Some common suffixes that occur with adjectives are:
-able, -ible | reasonable | acceptable | incredibly | terrible |
-al, -ial | critical | ideal | social | official |
-ed | bored | depressed | worried | excited |
-ful | careful | beautiful | hopeful | graceful |
-ic | archaic | frantic | gigantic | horrific |
-ical | hysterical | political | historical | musical |
-ish | foolish | childish | selfish | stylish |
-ive, -ative | talkative | active | attractive | effective |
-less | hopeless | careless | priceless | endless |
-eous, -ious, -ous | spontaneous | ambitious | famous | victorious |
-y | angry | busy | brainy | lively |
Possessive Adjectives
Adjective order chart
Comparison Basic
Comparison
Adverbs
See Explanation
Adverbs (manner – frequency – time – place)
Articles
See Explanation
A-An
Conditionals
See Explanation
Conditionals describe situations that are possible, unlikely or impossible.
Conditionals basic
Conditionals
Demostratives
See Explanation
This – That – These – Those
Determiners
See Explanation
Determiners make the reference of nouns more specific.
There are eight classes of Determiners:
- Indefinite Article: a – an
- Definite Article: the
- Demostratives: this, that, these, those
- Possessives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their (see pronouns)
- Quantifiers: some, any, enough, no, all, both, half, double, several, much, many, more, most, few, fewer, fewest, a few, little (not much), less, least, a little. Quantifiers*
- The numbers: Ordinal & Cardinal numbers
- Distributives: Each, every, either, neither
- Exclamatives: What, such
Indefinite Articles A-An
Genitive: Idoia’s car
Modals
See Explanation
Modal verbs express mode or mood through ability, obligation, advice, deduction, certainty, probability, speculation… and are different from other verbs…
- They are followed by an infinitive without to: I can jump
- The verb on the third-person singular doesn’t take an s: She must go
- They don’t need an auxiliary verb: She might not go. Could she drive?
Some of the most common are: can, must, might, may, could, should, ought to, would, will, shall…
Modal functions
Modal functions basic
Passives
See Explanation
VOICE
The “voice” of a verb indicates whether the subject of the sentence is doing or receiving the action.
ACTIVE VOICE
If a verb is in the active voice, the person, animal, or thing who or which performs the action is the subject of the verb.
The subject of an active clause says who or what does what the verb expresses.
- Active voice: The monkey ate the banana (doing)
PASSIVE VOICE
In the passive voice, the person, animal, or thing who or which is affected by the action is the subject of the verb.
The subject of a passive clause does not perform the action expressed by the verb but is affected by it.
- Passive voice: The banana was eaten by the monkey (receiving)
STEP BY STEP GRAMMAR STRUCTURE
TO BE + V3
To change an active sentence into a passive sentence we use the verb TO BE as an auxiliary:
The monkey ate the banana → The banana WAS eaten by the monkey
The TENSE of the verb in the active sentence is ‘given’ to the auxiliary verb:
ATE (Past Simple) → WAS (Past Simple)
The main verb appears after the auxiliary, always in the Past Participle:
The banana was EATEN by the monkey
THE AGENT
If the subject of the active sentence is relevant, it should be reflected in the passive sentence after the preposition BY and it is called the agent. A pronoun is never relevant.
The banana was eaten BY the monkey
Active: They drove the car → Passive: The car was driven by THEM
Passives basic
Prepositions
See Explanation
Time prepositions
Prepositions (Time): At, In, On
Prepositions. In – On – Under – Between – Behind – In front of
Place prepositions primary school*
Place prepositions basic*
Prepositions (Place): Under, On, In
Pronouns
See Explanation
All pronouns chart*
Pronouns basic*
Pronombres Personales de Objeto
Pronombres Personales Sujeto Objeto y Adjetivos Posesivos
Subject and Object personal pronouns (me/him/her/us/they)
Quantifiers
See Explanation
Quantifiers
There is/are – some/any – much/many/a lot
Questions Words
See Explanation
Question Words (what-where-who-when-How old- How many)
Relatives
See Explanation
Relative clauses chart*
EXERCISES: Relatives
Reported Speech
See Explanation
Reported Speech basic*
Reported Speech Intermediate*
EXERCISES: Transform into reported speech*
Spelling Rules
See Explanation
Spelling: ING – ED – S
Verb Patterns
See Explanation
Verb Patterns basic
Verb Patterns
Verb Tenses
See Explanation
PRESENT TENSES: Uses & Examples
PAST TENSES: Uses & Examples
FUTURE TENSES: Uses & Examples
Present simple Be – Have got – Verbos kk
Past Simple
Present simple Be – Have got – Verbos kk (elemental)
Verb Charts & Lists
See Explanation
Verb Tenses Chart
Irregular Verb LIST
Irregular Verbs PRACTICE
Irregular Verb List
Verb – Important
See Explanation
Be – Have got
Have got: descriptions
Be – Have got – Verbos kk